The Philippines - United States - Japan - Australia Defense Diplomacy through “The Squad” : Actor, Process, and Issue

To counter China's aggressive behavior in the Indo-Pacific, the United States, the Philippines, Japan, and Australia have formed a security partnership called “The Squad.” This study utilizes an intrinsic case study approach in qualitative methods to investigate the key actors, processes, and issues within The Squad, as well as its potential benefits and risks. Defense diplomacy and minilateralism are essential tools The Squad uses to achieve its strategic objectives. By leveraging their historical ties and shared interests, these countries aim to uphold a rules-based order, deter aggression, and ensure freedom of navigation. However, The Squad must also consider broader regional dynamics and the principles of ASEAN. Its success will depend on effective cooperation, adaptability to geopolitical dynamics, and the ability to tackle emerging challenges