Appendix B: Biographical Notes

Appendix B offers concise biographical summaries of key individuals—missionaries, bishops, colonial figures, and African leaders—who were active on the Cape eastern frontier and in the nascent Anglican Diocese of Grahamstown during the mid-19th century, particularly those connected to R.J. Mullins' life and work. Church Leaders and Missionaries This section details the careers of the Anglican clergy and key missionary staff operating in the region: · Bishops: Includes the first three Bishops of Grahamstown—John Armstrong (founder of St Andrew's College and the Kafir Institution), Henry Cotterill (Mullins' Bishop, known for supporting Gray in ecclesiastical matters), and Charles Edward Cornish (fifth Bishop, who developed theological training)—as well as the controversial John William Colenso (Bishop of Natal) and Dr Henry Callaway (first Bishop of Kaffraria, a dedicated medical missionary and scholar). · Missionaries: Highlights early figures like Revd John Thomas Walford Allen (founder of St. John's Mission, where Mullins worked), Revd George Edward Drayton (Mullins' friend from St Augustine's who later joined the UMCA), and Revd John Gordon (who founded All Saints' Mission). · Key Staff: Features the Bond Sisters (Hannah and Maria), who worked as agents for the Female Education Society. Hannah was noted for her fluency in Xhosa, and Maria worked among Anta's people. Revd William Greenstock was instrumental in translating the Book of Common Prayer into Xhosa. · Theologians: Mentions Edward Harold Browne, whose Exposition of the Thirty Nine Articles was a standard work for Anglican theological students like Mullins. Colonial and Political Figures These notes summarise the lives of individuals involved in colonial administration, law, and military action: · Governor Sir George Grey: The most influential colonial figure, whose policy aimed to destroy the traditional Xhosa way of life and integrate black and white societies. His actions, including the settlement of German ex-soldiers and his interpretation of the Cattle-Killing as a conspiracy, profoundly shaped the frontier. · Military and Legal: Includes men like Sir Walter Currie (tough frontier commandant who led the Frontier Armed Mounted Police, capturing Fadana after the Cattle-Killing), Major John Gawler (special magistrate during the Cattle-Killing), and the prominent Grahamstown attorneys and politicians Jonathan and Reuben Ayliff. · Frontier Stock: Features William Monkhouse Bowker, a tough frontier farmer and merino sheep breeder who fought in several frontier wars. African Leaders and Conflict The biographies include several important Xhosa and Thembu chiefs affected by the colonial conflicts: · Anta (Ngqika's son): A chief who was resolutely "unbelieving" during the Cattle-Killing and subsequently sought a missionary (Miss Bond worked at his homestead). He was noted as a great orator. · Botman (Imidange Chief): Known for his tact, he moved with the LMS to the Peelton mission, but his adherence to the Cattle-Killing led to the mission's destruction. · Fadana (Thembu Royal): A paramount's brother who, reduced to minor chiefdom status, eagerly embraced the Cattle-Killing prophecies, leading him to rampage against non-believers and resulting in his capture and imprisonment by Walter Currie. · Gungubulele (Tshatshu Chief): A leader who tried to resist white authority and recover his father's land, leading to litigation and a small-scale rebellion, for which he was sentenced to life imprisonment (later commuted). · Joyi (Thembu Royal): Regent for the young Ngangelizwe over the Thembu beyond the colonial borders, who opposed the British in the Mlanjeni War.