Phosphate-solubilizing function of Pediococcus pentosaceus PSM16 and its underlying mechanism

ABSTRACT Phosphorus is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, but only a limited quantity is typically accessible in the soil for plants to absorb directly. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can convert inorganic phosphorus compounds into forms that are more readily usable for plant nutrition. Our previous research has verified the function of Pediococcus pentosaceus PSM16 in degrading phytic acid. On this basis, we further explored the phosphorus-solubilizing capacity of PSM16 and evaluated its potential for practical application in this study. The results indicated that PSM16 significantly enhanced phosphorus utilization, not only enriching the environment with bioavailable phosphorus but also lowering the environmental pH and conductivity. These changes are instrumental in enhancing soil fertility, providing favorable conditions for plant growth, and stimulating seed germination. Through whole-genome sequencing of PSM16, we have identified key genes associated with the production of acid phosphatase. Specifically, the genes of GM000834, GM000917, GM000925, and GM000974 are implicated in PSM16’s phosphorus solubilization function, likely through the production of phosphatase enzymes. Moreover, we have discovered that the phosphatases T.fus-QOS58989.1, A.cae-WP_156200763, M.the-SNW17984, N.gly-GGP12115, T.chr-SDQ48339.1, and T.chr-SDQ90039.1 are homologous to the aforementioned proteins and are present in compost, as confirmed by our informatics analysis. This presence in compost suggests their potential for real-world agricultural applications. This research presents promising candidate strains for the development of phosphorus-degrading bacterial agents, which could increase the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. This strategy is not only effective but also environmentally benign and cost-effective, offering a valuable contribution to the field of agricultural biotechnology. IMPORTANCE This study sheds light on the transformative power of the PSM16 strain, a paragon of phosphorus solubilization that adeptly converts inert phosphorus into a form that is readily absorbed by plants. In this way, it not only elevates the levels of available phosphorus in the environment but also enriches the soil fertility, supporting the healthy growth of plants. The strategic application of PSM16 in tandem with phosphorus fertilizers promises to enhance the utilization rates of these fertilizers, reinforcing sustainable agricultural initiatives and alleviating the environmental pressures caused by excessive application. In addition, the study has uncovered a trove of strains that hold promise for the development of safe dephosphorylating bacterial agents. These agents are poised to deliver an economical, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative, encapsulating a commitment to agricultural advancement that is both responsible and resourceful.