Keratinocyte Growth Factor‐2 Reduces Inflammatory Response to Acute Lung Injury Induced by Oleic Acid in Rats by Regulating Key Proteins of the Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathway

Reducing inflammation can effectively relieve acute lung injury (ALI). Objective. To test whether keratinocyte growth factor‐2 (KGF‐2) can reduce oleic acid‐induced inflammation in ALI of rats and explore its possible mechanism. Methods. 45 Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ALI group, and ALI + KGF‐2 group. The animal model of acute lung injury was established by injecting 0.1 mL/kg oleic acid into the tail vein of rats. Rats in the control group were injected with equal volume of normal saline (NS). Each group needs pretreatment 72 hours before the preparation of the acute lung injury model. The control group and ALI group were instilled with 5 ml/kg NS through the airway, and the same amount of KGF‐2 was instilled in the ALI + KGF‐2 group. It takes 8 hours to successfully prepare the ALI model. Observe the pathological changes of lung tissue through light microscopy, ultrastructural changes through electron microscopy, and the lung wettability/dry weight (w/d) ratio and lung permeability index (LPI). By detecting changes in inflammatory factors in lung tissue and changes in the number of BALF cells, the changes in inflammation in each group were observed. The expressions of Wnt5a, β‐catenin, and APC in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The changes of key proteins in Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in the lung tissue of each group were observed. Result. Compared with the ALI group, after KGF‐2 pretreatment, the degree of lung injury was reduced, the expression of inflammatory factors was reduced, and the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in BALF was reduced. It can also be observed that the expression of Wnt5a, β‐catenin, and APC, a key protein in the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, is reduced. The analysis showed that the number of inflammatory factors, red blood cells, and white blood cells in BALF was positively correlated with the expression of Wnt5a, β‐catenin, and APC. Conclusion. KGF‐2 may reduce the inflammatory response in ALI induced by oleic acid by regulating key proteins in the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.