Mediated Electron‐transfer between Redox‐enzymes and Electrode Supports

Title: Mediated Electron‐transfer between Redox‐enzymes and Electrode Supports

Description:

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Electron‐transfer Provided by Diffusional Mediators Dissolved Enzymes Activated by Diffusional Mediators Monolayer‐ or Multilayer‐enzyme Electrodes Activated by Diffusional Mediators Polymer‐ or Inorganic Matrix‐immobilized Enzymes Activated by Diffusional Mediators The Electrical Contacting of Dissolved Enzymes at Mediator‐Functionalized Electrodes Chiroselective Electron‐transfer‐mediated Biotransformations Chiral Diffusional Electron‐transfer Mediators Chiral Monolayer‐immobilized Electron‐transfer Mediators The Electrical Contacting of Mediator‐modified Enzymes Dissolved Redox Enzymes Functionalized with Electron‐transfer Mediators Monolayer‐ and Multilayer‐enzyme Assemblies Functionalized with Electron‐transfer Mediators Polymer‐ and Inorganic Matrix‐bound Enzymes Contacted by Coimmobilized Mediators The Electrical Contacting of Enzymes in Mediator‐functionalized Polymers The Electrical Contacting of Enzymes in Mediator‐functionalized Sol–gel Matrices The Electrical Contacting of Enzymes in Mediator‐containing Graphite Paste Composites The Electrical Contacting of FAD ‐enzymes by Mediator‐functionalized FAD Electrical Contacting of Enzymes by Reconstitution of Apo‐flavoenzymes with Relay‐ FAD Cofactor Units Electrical Contacting of Enzymes by Surface‐reconstitution of Apo‐flavoenzymes on Relay‐ FAD ‐functionalized Electrodes The Electrical Contacting of NAD ( P ) + ‐dependent Enzymes The Electrochemical Regeneration of NAD ( P ) + ‐cofactors The Electrochemical Regeneration of NAD ( P ) H ‐cofactors The Association of NAD ( P ) + ‐dependent Enzymes with NAD ( P ) + Cofactors by Covalent and Entrapment Methods The Integration of NAD ( P ) + ‐dependent Enzymes with Monolayer Arrays of NAD + ‐cofactor and Redox‐catalysts Electrical Contacting by Interprotein Electron‐transfer Soluble Cytochromes as Electron‐transfer Mediators Heme‐protein Monolayers as Electron‐transfer Mediators Microperoxidase‐11 Monolayers Heme‐containing D e n ovo Protein Monolayers Cyt c ‐aligned Monolayers Associated with Cytochrome Oxidase Applications of Enzymes Electrically Contacted by Mediated Electron‐transfer Biosensors Based on Electrically “Wired” Enzyme Electrodes Bioelectrocatalyzed Synthesis by “Wired” Enzyme Assemblies Biofuel Cells Based on “Wired” Enzyme Assemblies The External Control of the Electron‐transfer Process Photochemical Control by Enzyme‐bound Photoisomerizable Units Photochemical Control by Electrode‐bound Photoisomerizable Units Photochemical Control by Mediator‐bound Photoisomerizable Units Conclusion and Perspectives Acknowledgment.