DEVELOPMENT OF LAND-BASED URBAN PASSENGER ON THE EXAMPLE OF KYIV CITY, FROM ITS INCEPTION TO THE PRESENT DAY

The development of urban land passenger transport in Kyiv from its inception to the present is studied. The key stages of the evolution of the transport system in Kyiv, from the horse-drawn railway to the introduction of electric trams, buses and electric buses, are considered. The impact of socio-economic and technological changes on the development of transport, in particular urban passenger transport, as well as the current challenges facing urban transport are analyzed. Attention is paid to the Kyiv City Development Strategy until 2025, in particular to the Transport and Urban Mobility sector. The development of land-based urban transport in Kyiv has gone through several important stages of modernization and development over the years, starting with the horse-drawn railway and ending with the implementation of environmental solutions today and in the future. The current development plan focuses on environmental and technological innovations that improve the quality of life of city residents and meet the challenges of urbanization. Taking into account historical experience and current trends, the future development of surface transportation in Kyiv will focus on the introduction of the latest technologies, including autonomous and electric vehicles, which will help improve the environmental situation and quality of life of the residents of the modern city. In the future, the development of surface transportation in Kyiv will be closely linked to the integration of modern technologies, such as intelligent and automatic traffic management systems, electric and autonomous vehicles. In particular, the development of public and passenger transport is envisaged, taking into account its environmental friendliness, safety, accessibility for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups, and ensuring a high-quality and competitive transport offer.