Economic and Operational Feasibility of Biological Methanation in Power-to-Gas Systems: Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration

The urgent need for sustainable and stable energy systems has propelled the exploration of innovative solutions like Power-to-Gas (PtG) technology, which offers a promising pathway to integrate renewable energy sources (RES) into existing energy infrastructures. This study delves into the economic viability and operational efficiency of employing biological methanation processes within PtG systems, with a particular focus on the trickle bed methanation technique. By converting excess renewable electricity into hydrogen and subsequently methane, PtG technology represents a strategic approach to mitigate the intermittency of renewable sources such as wind and solar power. This research assesses the operational parameters and economic implications of utilizing proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers and biological methanation in the context of fluctuating electricity prices and regulatory environments. Furthermore, it examines the potential of retrofitting existing biogas plants for methane production through biological methanation, thus leveraging existing infrastructure for enhanced energy storage and grid stability. The findings highlight the critical factors influencing the economic feasibility of PtG technology, including investment and operational costs, and propose strategic recommendations to enhance its market penetration and viability. This comprehensive analysis underscores the significance of PtG technology, particularly biological methanation, as a cornerstone for achieving a sustainable and resilient energy future.