BY IMPROVING BREEDING SEEDER SOWING DEVICE SMALL SEEDED CROPS

One of the most important stages of growing small-seeded crops in breeding is the sowing of seeds. Sowing should provide the most favorable conditions for seed germination and further plant development, which increases field germination and yield of breeding crops. One of such conditions is the uniformity of seed distribution in a row, which should be for breeding crops - 99.9%. According to the results of the analysis of the constructions of the existing sowing machines, their classification on the basis of the principle of operation of the machines and design features of the sowing mechanisms has been supplemented. As a result of patent information analysis, it was found that electromechanical sowing machines are the most effective during selective sowing of small-seeded crops, as they provide a sufficiently high seeding accuracy and have promising opportunities to change varieties directly during sowing in different areas. The analysis of the work of the sowing system "Maple" allowed to form the main ways of its improvement: it is necessary to improve the working body of the sowing machine to ensure the accuracy of sowing of small-seeded crops at the level of 99.9%; for sowing in areas of pre-seed production it is necessary to provide automatic loading of seeds of different varieties into the sowing machine; needs to improve the sowing system in areas of pre-seed production, taking into account GPS-tracking; the elements of the seeding system must be block for easy replacement in case of failure. To solve the set problems, the constructive-technological scheme of the sowing apparatus of the selection seeder of small-seeded crops is substantiated, which allows to fully automate the sowing process on the plots of pre-seed production almost without the breeder's participation with high seeding accuracy.