Comprehensive review of recent research trends in dielectric elastomer transducers: applications, materials, and fabrication

Abstract Although rigid transducers have led to innovations in industrial automation and control systems, their rigidity limits them to the controlled environment of the factory. Recently, soft transducers have become an attractive area of research because their compliant nature has the potential to be applied to soft-bodied robots that operate in uncontrolled environments. Dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs) demonstrate large electrically-driven deformations, high energy density, fast response, long lifespans, and self-healing capabilities, making them a favorable replacement for rigid transducers. This review first introduces the working principles of DETs, modeling work, and DET configurations. Subsequently, the applications of DETs in robotics, generators, sensors, and electronics are reviewed. Finally, the challenges currently faced by DET technology are discussed and potential approaches are explored.