The Impact of Time till Surgery on Post-Operative Outcome of Traumatic Extradural Hematoma

Objective:  Traumatic extradural hematoma (EDH) is a common complication of head injuries, predominantly affecting the working-age male population due to increased outdoor activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of timing in surgical intervention and identify factors influencing outcomes. Materials and Methods:  Seventy-eight consecutive patients diagnosed with traumatic EDH at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the timing of presentation: within 6 hours (early) and after 6 hours (late). Craniotomy and hematoma evacuation were performed, and outcomes were assessed at discharge. Results:  In our study mean and SDs for age were 21.83±31.57. Most of the patients i.e., 54(69.2%) were from the 2nd and 3rd decade of life. The mean hematoma volume was 37.17 ml. The majority of the patients were males 65(83.3%) and RTA 32(42.02%) was the most common cause followed by falls and physical assault respectively. The outcome of early operated (within 6 hours) patients was favorable in 44(95.65%) while 2 (4.34%) did not improve (GOS 2,3). Favorable outcomes (GOS 4,5) in delayed presented patients who operated after 6 hours were 23 (71.87%). 5(15.6%) were not improved (GOS 2,3) and 4(12.5%) died (GOS 1). Conclusion:  Outcomes of patients who operated early are more favorable than those who were operated late. Delayed presentation and intervention increase the mortality and morbidity of patients having traumatic extradural hematoma.