Nobel Prize and Artificial Intelligence

The Nobel Prize in science has traditionally been awarded to researchers who have made groundbreaking discoveries or inventions that significantly contribute to human progress in the field of pure science. However, in 2024, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded not to a researcher in pure physics but to a researcher in the field of artificial intelligence. Similarly, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded not to a pure chemistry researcher but to a scientist studying protein structures using artificial intelligence or computational techniques. This paper examines the research achievements of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics laureates in the field of artificial intelligence. John Hopfield made a significant contribution to the revival of neural network research during its long period of stagnation by proposing the associative memory model known as the Hopfield model. Geoffrey Hinton laid the foundation for modern artificial intelligence technology by introducing the error back-propagation algorithm and Restricted Boltzmann Machines, which helped advance deep neural network research. Additionally, this paper explores the achievements of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureates. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper made groundbreaking advancements in protein structure prediction through the development of AlphaFold 2. Furthermore, David Baker developed RoseTTAFold, a computational program that identifies amino acid sequences capable of forming specific protein structures. Nowadays, artificial intelligence is widely utilized as a tool to solve long-standing scientific challenges across various fields of science.