Risk Factors Associated with Bell's Palsy in Faisalabad: A Retrospective Study

Background: Bell's palsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by sudden facial paralysis, leading to significant distress and reduced quality of life. Despite extensive research, the exact etiology remains unclear, with various factors such as age, gender, and comorbid conditions like hypertension and diabetes implicated.Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with Bell's palsy in a specific population, focusing on demographic and clinical variables.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 98 patients diagnosed with Bell's palsy in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Data were collected from multiple healthcare settings, including government and private hospitals, polyclinics, and independent medical practitioners. Variables such as age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, and history of exposure to cold were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.Results: Of the 98 patients, 56.12% were female, and 43.88% were male. The right side of the face was affected in 67.3% of patients, while 32.7% had left-side involvement. Significant associations were found between Bell's palsy and hypertension (p < 0.05), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05), and exposure to cold (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Bell's palsy was more prevalent in females and younger individuals. Hypertension, diabetes, and cold exposure were identified as significant risk factors. These findings contribute to understanding the potential causes and risk factors for Bell's palsy, informing clinical management and prevention strategies.