Detection of genetic determinants of extended-spectrum beta-lactam resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains from cattle feces in the Haut-Sassandra region, central-west of Côte d'Ivoire

As in human health, beta-lactams are widely used molecules in veterinary medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections. This study conducted in the Haut-Sassandra region of Côte d'Ivoire aims to investigate the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle excrement. Fecal samples from cattle were collected in the Daloa and Zoukougbeu departments. Fifty cattle fecal samples were collected across the two departments, including thirty-six in Daloa and fourteen in Zoukougbeu. Bacterial cultures were performed on these fecal samples, followed by molecular detection of ESBL resistance genes using PCR. In total, 19 strains of Escherichia coli and 31 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from these fecal samples. The results showed that 15.79 % of E. coli isolates and 41.93 % of K. pneumoniae presented ESBL resistance genes, primarily the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. Electrophoretic analysis confirmed the presence of these genes, with a predominance of the blaCTX-M gene. The irrational use of antibiotics in cattle farming is a key factor contributing to the emergence of resistant bacteria. The study highlights the importance of increased monitoring of antibiotic resistance and calls for urgent actions to counter this growing threat to public and animal health. The results also suggest that integrated strategies based on the "One Health" concept are necessary to effectively combat antibiotic resistance in this region. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance in the livestock sector and the need for a collaborative approach to improve health outcomes.