<em>Sanicula europaea </em>L. Herb and Rhizomes with Root Extracts with Hemostatic, Wound Healing, Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activity: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research

Sanicula europaea L. (Apiaceae), commonly known as European sanicle, has been long used in traditional medicine as a hemostatic agent, for accelerating wound healing, and for treating inflammatory and dermatological conditions. However, scientific evidence supporting these uses remains limited. Comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological screening of extracts from the herb and rhizomes with roots of S. europaea holds promise, as aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts were obtained from its aerial and underground parts. Phytochemical analysis identified 16 phenolic compounds, including tannins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and coumarin. All tested extracts (100 mg/kg) demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in a formalin-induced paw oedema model. Hemostatic properties were assessed using the Duke bleeding time method. Application of herb extracts reduced bleeding time by 49.56% and 48.29% compared to the control group, and by 34.37% and 32.72% relative to the reference drug. The use of herb extracts accelerated wound healing by 5.34 and 4.84 days compared to the control group, and by 1.5 and 1.0 days relative to the reference drug. Rhizome-root extracts shortened the healing process by 2.83 and 2.01 days compared to the control group, although healing occurred later than with the reference drug. Both herb and rhizome-root extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against rod-shaped and coccoid bacterial strains. Based on the results of pharmacological screening, herb extracts of S. europaea demonstrated pronounced hemostatic, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.