THE WORLD GRAIN MARKET

The paper presents the world record for grain production in the 2020-2021 season; highlights the main exchanges where grain prices are determined; identifies the main factors on which demand for grain crops depends. The authors present the production of grain crops in Russia and the world; production, consumption and stocks of the world grain market; dynamics of gross receipts from 2010-2022. In the process of work, the authors have given a forecast of an increase in grain production in the world in the 2023-2024 season. Thus, Russia has huge areas of fertile soils and a favorable climate for growing wheat, which makes it one of the leading producers. It is worth noting that record grain production in 2022/23 has become a factor in record exports. Russia has become the absolute leader in wheat exports, accounting for 25% of world trade. The largest buyers of these products are traditionally countries such as Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Kazakhstan. In 2021, Turkey accounted for 21% of the total volume of foreign supplies in kind. The authors show the main largest exporters of grain crops in 2022, as well as the factors affecting the global grain market. As a result, a stable specialization is developing in the global grain market: grain production is concentrated mainly in developed countries, and many developing countries are unable to solve their grain problems and are forced to import grain widely.