Characters and Metallogenetic Significance of Organic Matter in Coal from the Daying Sandstone-Hosted Uranium Deposit in the Northern Ordos Basin, China

Coal is usually found in many sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in western China. However, it remains unclear whether coal organic matter is related to the mineralization of uranium in sandstone. In this study, the organic matter of coal containing lenticular carbon plant strips and carbon clastics was analyzed in different alteration zones in the Daying sandstone-hosted uranium deposit located in the northern Ordos Basin. According to geological and geochemical characters, Daying sandstone can be classified into three alteration zones: the oxidation zone, the transition zone, and the reduction zone. The results are as follows. Firstly, the maceral organic matter of the coal at Daying is mostly vitrinite, indicating the characters of humic coal. The maturity of the organic matter is low, which is in the transitional evolution stage of immature lignite or lignite-long-flame coal. Secondly, the kerogen is mainly type III (humic type), which can be easily transformed into humic acid with a strong adsorption capacity for uranium. Thirdly, the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of the coal organic matter in the transition zone is higher than that of the other alteration zones. Meanwhile, there are bright white bands in the microscopic components of the organic matter of the coal in the transition zone (mineralized zone) and a certain composition of the sapropelite has strong fluorescence. All three aforementioned phenomena are related to the radioactivity of uranium, and each of them possesses the potential for application in mineral exploration. Fourthly, the extraction and separation of humic substances indicates that humic acid plays a key role in organic matter-related uranium mineralization. In the transition zone, uranium can co-precipitate as a humate, and the transition zone’s organic carbon content increases. Therefore, the organic matter in coal contributes to sandstone-hosted uranium mineralization, providing a further guide to prospecting methodologies.