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Friedrich Balthes - Attempt to Reconstruct the Oeuvre of a Transylvanian Saxon Artist
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Friedrich Balthes was a young master of the national architectural style of the Transylvanian Saxons. Being a victim of the First World War (he died at the age of only 32, on the Serbian front, in 1914), he was almost completely forgotten during the century. Only the architectural monuments created at the beginning of the 20th century, of a remarkable modernity, are left behind by Balthes. These works are part of the German architectural movement, which was the forerunner of modern and also traditionalist architecture of the 20s of last century. Balthes designed many buildings in the national style of the Transylvanian Saxons: a style brought from Germany, and adapted to the Transylvanian cultural landscape. He was a multi-talented personality, also writing various studies and essays on the architectural art, on the cityscape, the culture of housing, interior art, folk art, the maintenance of rural art, the color in architecture and the decoration of the streets with plants, about the old frescoes of the evangelical chirch in Cisnădie and on many other subjects. As a self-confident Transylvanian Saxon intellectual, Balthes published his articles with the purpose to educate his nation for the new cultural ideas of his time. The following study aims to present a sketch of the multidisciplinary legacy of this remarcable artist, by showing some examples of his work. One of Balthes´ many architectural creations we presented herewith the evangelical school and parish house in Bruiu (built between 1912 and 1914), wich is a good example of the architects idea of a new style, whitch overrcomes art nouveau. It was a Transylvanian Saxon national architecture, very modern for that period. It was a harmonious combination of the Transylvanian Saxon vernacular motives, with elements inspired by the German Reformarchitektur, promoted by architect and architecture theorist Hermann Muthesius.
Rezumat: Friedrich Balthes (1882–1914) a fost un tânăr maestru al stilului arhitectural național al saşilor transilvăneni. Fiind o victimă a Primului Război Mondial (a căzut pe frontul sârb, în Decembrie 1914, la vârsta de numai 32) a fost aproape complet uitat pe parcursul secolului XX. Doar monumentele arhitecturale create de artist, caracterizate de o remarcabilă modernitate, în contextul arhitectural de la începutul secolului 20, au rămas în urmă. Aceste lucrări fac parte din mişcarea arhitecturală germană, care a fost precursorul arhitecturii moderne, dar şi al curentului tradiționalist a anilor '20 ai secolului trecut. În scurta perioadă a activității sale, Balthes a proiectat numeroase clădiri în stilul național al saşilor transilvăneni, un stil adus din Germania şi adaptat peisajului cultural transilvănean. A fost o personalitate multi-talentată, publicând diverse studii şi eseuri despre arta arhitecturală, despre peisajul urban, cultura locuințelor, arta interioară, precum şi despre arta populară, întreținerea artei rurale, culoarea în arhitectură şi decorarea străzilor cu plante, despre vechile fresce ale bisericii evanghelice din Cisnădie, precum şi pe multe alte subiecte. Fiind un intelectual sas transilvănean, Balthes şi-a publicat articolele cu scopul de a-şi educa națiunea pentru noile idei culturale ale timpului său. Următorul studiu îşi propune să prezinte o schiță a moştenirii multidisciplinare a acestui artist remarcabil, prezentând doar câteva exemple ale operei sale. Dintre numeroasele creații arhitecturale ale lui Balthes, am ales aici prezentarea complexului şcolii evanghelice şi a casei învățătorului din Bruiu (construit între 1912 şi 1914), care este un bun exemplu pentru ideea lui Balthes de a crea un nou stil, care a depăşit art nouveu-ul. Este vorba despre o arhitectură națională săsească transilvăneană, foarte modernă pentru acea perioadă. Un stil caracterizat prin îmbinarea armonioasă a motivelor vernaculare săseşti transilvănene, cu elemente inspirate de mişcarea reformei arhitecturale germane, promovat de arhitectul şi teoreticianul Hermann Muthesius.
Cuvinte-cheie: istoria artei, istoria arhitecturii, saşii din Transilvania, reforma arhitecturală 1900‒1914, istorie 1900‒1914
Title: Friedrich Balthes - Attempt to Reconstruct the Oeuvre of a Transylvanian Saxon Artist
Description:
Friedrich Balthes was a young master of the national architectural style of the Transylvanian Saxons.
Being a victim of the First World War (he died at the age of only 32, on the Serbian front, in 1914), he was almost completely forgotten during the century.
Only the architectural monuments created at the beginning of the 20th century, of a remarkable modernity, are left behind by Balthes.
These works are part of the German architectural movement, which was the forerunner of modern and also traditionalist architecture of the 20s of last century.
Balthes designed many buildings in the national style of the Transylvanian Saxons: a style brought from Germany, and adapted to the Transylvanian cultural landscape.
He was a multi-talented personality, also writing various studies and essays on the architectural art, on the cityscape, the culture of housing, interior art, folk art, the maintenance of rural art, the color in architecture and the decoration of the streets with plants, about the old frescoes of the evangelical chirch in Cisnădie and on many other subjects.
As a self-confident Transylvanian Saxon intellectual, Balthes published his articles with the purpose to educate his nation for the new cultural ideas of his time.
The following study aims to present a sketch of the multidisciplinary legacy of this remarcable artist, by showing some examples of his work.
One of Balthes´ many architectural creations we presented herewith the evangelical school and parish house in Bruiu (built between 1912 and 1914), wich is a good example of the architects idea of a new style, whitch overrcomes art nouveau.
It was a Transylvanian Saxon national architecture, very modern for that period.
It was a harmonious combination of the Transylvanian Saxon vernacular motives, with elements inspired by the German Reformarchitektur, promoted by architect and architecture theorist Hermann Muthesius.
Rezumat: Friedrich Balthes (1882–1914) a fost un tânăr maestru al stilului arhitectural național al saşilor transilvăneni.
Fiind o victimă a Primului Război Mondial (a căzut pe frontul sârb, în Decembrie 1914, la vârsta de numai 32) a fost aproape complet uitat pe parcursul secolului XX.
Doar monumentele arhitecturale create de artist, caracterizate de o remarcabilă modernitate, în contextul arhitectural de la începutul secolului 20, au rămas în urmă.
Aceste lucrări fac parte din mişcarea arhitecturală germană, care a fost precursorul arhitecturii moderne, dar şi al curentului tradiționalist a anilor '20 ai secolului trecut.
În scurta perioadă a activității sale, Balthes a proiectat numeroase clădiri în stilul național al saşilor transilvăneni, un stil adus din Germania şi adaptat peisajului cultural transilvănean.
A fost o personalitate multi-talentată, publicând diverse studii şi eseuri despre arta arhitecturală, despre peisajul urban, cultura locuințelor, arta interioară, precum şi despre arta populară, întreținerea artei rurale, culoarea în arhitectură şi decorarea străzilor cu plante, despre vechile fresce ale bisericii evanghelice din Cisnădie, precum şi pe multe alte subiecte.
Fiind un intelectual sas transilvănean, Balthes şi-a publicat articolele cu scopul de a-şi educa națiunea pentru noile idei culturale ale timpului său.
Următorul studiu îşi propune să prezinte o schiță a moştenirii multidisciplinare a acestui artist remarcabil, prezentând doar câteva exemple ale operei sale.
Dintre numeroasele creații arhitecturale ale lui Balthes, am ales aici prezentarea complexului şcolii evanghelice şi a casei învățătorului din Bruiu (construit între 1912 şi 1914), care este un bun exemplu pentru ideea lui Balthes de a crea un nou stil, care a depăşit art nouveu-ul.
Este vorba despre o arhitectură națională săsească transilvăneană, foarte modernă pentru acea perioadă.
Un stil caracterizat prin îmbinarea armonioasă a motivelor vernaculare săseşti transilvănene, cu elemente inspirate de mişcarea reformei arhitecturale germane, promovat de arhitectul şi teoreticianul Hermann Muthesius.
Cuvinte-cheie: istoria artei, istoria arhitecturii, saşii din Transilvania, reforma arhitecturală 1900‒1914, istorie 1900‒1914.
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