Early life malnutrition and risk of T2DM adulthood: evidence from the lower socioeconomic status of northwest Chinese population

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore whether famine exposure during early life are associated with a high risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood and the role of socioeconomic status (SES) on this effect.Materials and methodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis based on data from a cross-sectional survey, collected 3,355 participants born between January 1, 1941 and December 31, 1966. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their date of birth, unexposed (individuals born in 1963–1966), infant exposed (individuals born in 1959–1962), childhood exposed (individuals born in 1949–1958), and adolescent exposed (born in 1941–1948). The association of famine exposure with T2DM risk in adults and conducted separately in plain area and mountain area was assessed using logistics regression model.Result22.35% of participants were diagnosed with T2DM, of which 43.47% were from the childhood famine-exposed group, representing the highest proportion among all subgroups (p < 0.001). Participants exposed to famine during childhood and adolescence from the lower SES mountain areas showed a significantly higher prevalence of T2DM in adulthood than those from the plain areas (p < 0.001). The adolescence stage exposed famine will increase the risk of T2DM in the mountain area (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.61, 3.77).ConclusionNo strong evidence demonstrates that exposure to famine during the early life stage increases the risk of developing T2DM in adulthood. However, populations with lower SES are likely to be exposed to more risk factors for T2DM.