CHALLENGES AND CONVERGENCE OF QUANTUM COMPUTING AND VLSI

The convergence of quantum computing and VLSI technology represents a promising yet challenging direction for next-generation computing systems. This chapter examines the fundamental challenges involved in integrating quantum computing principles with established VLSI design methodologies. Key issues such as device scalability, fabrication variability, error rates, cryogenic operation, and interfacing quantum hardware with classical CMOS control and readout circuits are discussed. The chapter also explores how VLSI techniques contribute to the development of scalable quantum systems through advanced fabrication processes, compact control electronics, and system-level integration strategies. Emphasis is placed on hybrid quantum–classical architectures, where VLSI plays a crucial role in enabling efficient control, error correction, and data processing. By analyzing both technological constraints and emerging solutions, this chapter highlights the opportunities arising from the convergence of quantum computing and VLSI, providing insight into the future of high-performance and unconventional computing platforms.