Bucchero Ware from the Etruscan Town of Tarquinia (Italy): A Study of the Production Site and Technology through Spectroscopic Techniques and Multivariate Data Analysis

Bucchero is a well-known class of Etruscan ceramics, characterized by being entirely black both on the surface and in the body. In the present investigation, a representative set of bucchero sherds from the excavations of the Etruscan town of Tarquinia (Viterbo, Italy) was analyzed through flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and near-infrared (NIR) reflection spectroscopy. Both elemental and mineralogical composition data were treated with methods of multivariate analysis. It was thus possible to discriminate between local and imported production, to estimate the firing temperature and to verify the origin of the grey-black color in this peculiar ceramic class. Furthermore, a virtual reconstruction of a bucchero vase starting from fragments was also attempted on the basis of chemical analysis data.