Posterior Lens Capsule Defects in Children with Congenital Cataract. Literature Review

Purpose : to present a review of publications devoted to defects of the posterior lens capsule in children with congenital cataracts, as well as approaches to surgical tactics in their presence. Materials and methods . A search was conducted for publications on posterior lens capsule defects in children with congenital cataracts from 1992 to 2024 using the electronic databases PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.ru/), eLIBRARY.ru (https://www.elibrary.ru/) and domestic journals (Ophthalmosurgery, Bulletin of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Russian Children’s Ophthalmology, Modern Technologies in Ophthalmology). Results . Posterior capsule defects (PCDs ДЗК) of the lens are one of the most common anomalies of the posterior capsule, along with persistent fetal vasculature (PFV ПФСС) and posterior lenticonus (PL ЗЛК). There were a sufficient number of publications on persistent fetal vasculature (275 in the PubMed database as of 10/09/2024) and posterior lenticonus (86 in the PubMed database as of 10/09/2024) in the available literature. A limited number of articles on posterior capsule defects (11 in the PubMed database as of 10/09/2024), and therefore a review of publications devoted to posterior capsule defects in congenital cataract is relevant to expand knowledge about the role of posterior capsule defects in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of this pathology. Conclusion . Thanks to modern technologies, new opportunities are opening up for specialists to visualize, analyze and evaluate the posterior capsule of the lens, the condition of which can affect the effectiveness and safety of pediatric cataract surgery, as well as to plan surgical tactics and intraoperative prevention of complications, which guarantees the quality of surgical intervention in this category of patients.