State of the reproductive potential of the domestic breeding stock of herbivorous fish

The industry program provides for increasing the share of highly productive carp, including herbivores (whit carp, silver carp, grass carp and black carp), in the total production from 20 to 50% by 2020. However, currently in Russia there are only two certified breeding farms for the reproduction of breeding material of these fish: fish farm «Shaparievsky» of the Krasnodar territory and «Rybopitomnik Chaganskij» of the Astrakhan region. In modern economic conditions, not enough attention is paid to breeding work, there are not enough specialists-breeders on the ground, which negatively affects the quality of work carried out, there is a closely related crossing of producers. Since the end of the last century, there has been a negative impact of inbred depression in the breeding of herbivorous fish. In addition, the cultivation and maintenance of fish in mixed planting conditions in the technological cycle of carp cultivation cause unsatisfactory development and physiological state of mature producers. To exclude inbred depression and use the effect of heterosis, the recommended method of selection is interline hybridization using two «natural lines» — populations from the Yangtze river (line of Chinese origin) and the Amur river (line of Amur origin). This makes it possible to avoid closely related crossing and allows you to count on getting the effect of heterosis. When crossing cupids and silver carp of Chinese and Amur origin, the effect of heterosis is equal to 10–15% (for the survival of juveniles and the growth of crossbreeds in the first year of life). To control the origin of the white carp, 4 species-specific biochemical markers were identified: myogenes, prealbumids, enzymes — alkaline phosphatase and tetrazolium oxidase. They can be used to control the origin and the industrial hybridization of white with silver carp spotted silver carp. For grass carp, biochemical polymorphism of proteins and enzymes was also detected: serum and muscle esterases, superoxide dismutase, and vitellogenins.