The Numerical Simulation of Marangoni Problems Employing Multi-phase Parallel SPH Method

When facing microscale problems, the phenomenon of droplet movement caused by temperature gradients is usually attributed to the Marangoni effect. This study first constructed a multiphase smoothed particle fluid dynamics (SPH) system structure, integrating continuous surface force (CSF) model and multiphase model to explore the behavior of droplets under Marangoni effect. To further improve computational efficiency, this study also utilized the Open Multi Processing (OpenMP) parallel computing framework to perform parallel optimization on the SPH algorithm. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the constructed SPH framework in addressing thermal capillary phenomena was verified by simulating the Marangoni migration phenomenon of silicone oil droplets in fluorine solutions. In addition, this study also investigated the polymerization process of two droplets in microchannels under the Marangoni effect, and obtained the complete dynamic changes of droplets from motion to polymerization. During this period, we conducted a detailed analysis of the variation process of the velocity vector field, the spatial distribution of the temperature field, and the evolution characteristics of the surface tension gradient during the droplet movement process, thereby comprehensively revealing how the Marangoni effect drives the phenomenon of droplet movement and aggregation.