Dosimetric Characteristics of Radiophotoluminescent Glass Dosimeters for Proton Beams

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters (RGDs) for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. The RGD’s end-to-end testing of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: The dosimetric characteristics of the GD-302M type glass dosimeter were studied in terms of uniformity, short-term and long-term reproducibility, stability of the magazine position readout, dose linearity in the range from 0.2 to 20 Gy, energy response in 70–220 MeV, and fading effect. The reference conditions of the spot scanning beam from the Varian ProBeam Compact system were operation at 160 MeV, a 2 cm water-equivalent depth in a solid water phantom, a 10 cm × 10 cm field size at the isocenter, and 2 Gy dose delivery. End-to-end testing of IMPT plans for the head, abdomen, and pelvis was verified using the Alderson Rando phantom. The overall uncertainty analysis was confirmed in this study. Results: The relative response of RGDs for the uniformity test was within 0.95–1.05. The percentages of the coefficients of variation for short-term and long-term reproducibility were 1.16% and 1.50%, respectively. The dose ACE glass dosimetry reader FGD-1000 showed a stable magazine position readout. The dose was found to be linear with R 2 = 0.9988. The energy response relative to 160 MeV was approximately within 4.0%. The fading effect was within 2.4%. For the end-to-end test, the difference between the treatment plan and RGD measurement was within 1.0%. The overall uncertainty of the RGD measurement for the proton beam was 4.6%, which covered all energy ranges in this study. Conclusion: The experimental study indicates that the RGDs have the potential to be used in the dosimetry of therapeutic proton beams, including end-to-end dosimetry.