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DNA BARCODING-BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CUMINUM CYMINUM L VARIETIES IN THE PAKISTANI HERBAL MARKET
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Background: Genuine Carum carvi (caraway) seeds are highly valued in the spice and herbal market, leading to frequent adulteration with morphologically similar members of the Apiaceae family.
Objective: This study aimed to authenticate cumin-labelled samples from Karachi's herbal market using dual-locus DNA barcoding (plastid rbcL and nuclear ITS2) and to quantify levels of adulteration.
Methods: Five retail seed samples were collected and analysed using DNA extraction, PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis.
Results: Only 2 out of 5 samples were authenticated as C. carvi. Others were identified as Cuminum cyminum, Ligusticum acuminatum, or mixtures with Bunium persicum. Mislabeling was observed in 40% of cases.
Conclusion: Dual-locus barcoding provides a robust tool for authenticating herbal spices. Regulatory bodies in Pakistan should implement molecular authentication protocols to ensure consumer protection.
Kashf Institute of Development & Studies
Title: DNA BARCODING-BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CUMINUM CYMINUM L VARIETIES IN THE PAKISTANI HERBAL MARKET
Description:
Background: Genuine Carum carvi (caraway) seeds are highly valued in the spice and herbal market, leading to frequent adulteration with morphologically similar members of the Apiaceae family.
Objective: This study aimed to authenticate cumin-labelled samples from Karachi's herbal market using dual-locus DNA barcoding (plastid rbcL and nuclear ITS2) and to quantify levels of adulteration.
Methods: Five retail seed samples were collected and analysed using DNA extraction, PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis.
Results: Only 2 out of 5 samples were authenticated as C.
carvi.
Others were identified as Cuminum cyminum, Ligusticum acuminatum, or mixtures with Bunium persicum.
Mislabeling was observed in 40% of cases.
Conclusion: Dual-locus barcoding provides a robust tool for authenticating herbal spices.
Regulatory bodies in Pakistan should implement molecular authentication protocols to ensure consumer protection.
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