Comparative evaluation of the coating of extracellular matrix from placenta of human for regeneration in a chemical burn model

IIntroduction: extracellular matrices (ECM) are a promising material for the production of wound dressings. One of the most accessible sources of ECM is placental tissue. Selection of the optimal protocol for the tissue decellularization stage to obtain ECM is aimed at preserving their regenerative potential and ensuring low immunogenicity. Objective: to conduct a comparative assessment of human placental ECM dressings obtained using two different decellularization protocols for regeneration in a chemical burn model. Materials and methods: the main components of the placental tissue decellularization protocols were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS protocol) and NaOH (NaOH protocol). The quality of the obtained ECM was assessed using histological and immunohistochemical studies, fluorescence microscopy. Chemical burn was modeled on Wistar rats and damage was treated by applying a VCM coating obtained by two protocols (VCM-SDS and VCM-NaOH). The course of the wound process was assessed by planimetric and histological methods. Results: the SDS protocol ensured a higher degree of VCM purification from residual cellular and nuclear material. In turn, the VCM obtained by the NaOH protocol (VCM-NaOH) demonstrated the widest range of functionally significant components. The total area of the wound surface on day 42 was significantly smaller in the group of animals receiving therapy in the form of a VCM-NaOH wound coating; histological assessment of the inflammation parameters confirmed the observed positive dynamics. Conclusions. Obtaining ECM using the SDS protocol (ECM-SDS) ensures more effective elimination of residual cellular components, but at the same time reduces its regenerative potential compared to the NaOH protocol, which is probably due to the loss of ECM-SDS during the decellularization of components that play an important role in the process of burn wound regeneration.