Construction of Molecular Identification Card on basis of fluorescence SSR utilizing Proso millet Core Germplasm (Panicum miliaceum L.) origin from Qinghai

Abstract Proso millet ( Panicum miliaceum L.) is one the oldest crops from the Chinese and the Indus Civilization, but presently it has become under-farmed and under-breeding. However, dearth of genomic resources has hindered in effective utilization of proso millet germplasm, therefore the development of Molecular Identification Card for millet is highly needed, when harnessing germplasm resources. The Molecular ID-based on QR-Code is a systematic approach which provides comprehensively details. So, the aim of this study is to construct molecular identification card barcode based on SSRs markers using 149 proso millet germplasm from Qinghai. The genetic diversity parameters; the number of allele (Na) ranged from 3 to 4, the number of effective allele (Ne), 2.0268 to 2.6911, Shannon’s information index (I) 0.7287 to 1.0444, expected homozygous (Ho) 0.3694 to 0.4917, expected heterozygous (He) 0.5083 to 0.6306, Nei’s genetic diversity index (Nei) 0.5066 to 0.6284, polymorphism information content (PIC) 0.9314 to 0.9616 and major allele frequency (MAF) 0.0872 to 0.1879 values respectively. Duo (RYW18 and RYW37) reported highest number of alleles (Na 4) as compared to others. Phylogeny analysis provided into three populations levels (P1 with millet genotypes 130), (P2 with genotypes 12) and (P3 genotypes 7) is consistent with PC values; PC1, PC2 and PC3; 60.3%, 12.31%, and 7.57% respectively. Moreover, population structure analysis provided millet genotypic distribution into sub-levels, further (∆K Avanno principled) highest K = 3 confirmed this study is effective and reliability. The findings would provide comprehensively solid foundation for molecular characterization and genotypic variability as non-drought and globally food diversification.