Assessment of anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of Phoenix dactylifera L. SAP (arecaceae) in mice and rats

The Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as the date palm, has a well-documented history of therapeutic properties, traditionally used as an antitussive, demulcent, laxative, diuretic, and for alcohol detoxification. Additionally, it has shown anti-rheumatic and antispasmodic effects in managing nephropathy, bronchitis, burning sensations, and sexual debility. This study assessed the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the sap of Phoenix dactylifera. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify secondary metabolites in the sap. Analgesic effects were assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests, while anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. Our acute toxicity studies established a safe dose of 5000 mg/kg. We divided thirty mice and rats into five groups of six animals each, and delivered oral sap at doses of 375, 750, and 1500 mg/kg. This study identified flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and various other bioactive compounds present in the sap. No signs of toxicity were observed, with an LD50 exceeding 5000 mg/kg. The sap demonstrated analgesic effects by reducing acetic acid-induced writhing and increasing response times in the hot plate test  (p<0.05). Additionally, it was found to decrease carrageenan-induced paw edema (p<0.05), indicating strong anti-inflammatory properties. These findings support the traditional claims of Phoenix dactylifera sap's therapeutic effects. Further studies should explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects.