Madonna of the Daffodils with the Christ Child and Donors

Jan van Scorel played an important role in Netherlandish art through his dissemination of Italian Renaissance ideas and models. Van Scorel combined his activities as a painter with ecclesiastic posts and with other interests that included engineering and archaeology. In 1540 he collaborated on the decoration for the entry of Charles V into the city of Utrecht. Karel van Mander’s biography is one of the sources of information on his activities and states that he was trained in Alkmaar and then with Cornelis Willemsz. in Haarlem and in Amsterdam with Jacob Cornelisz. van Oostsanen. In 1519 he embarked on a lengthy trip to the Holy Land, passing through Germany and Austria where he left his first known work, and arriving in Venice from where he embarked for Jerusalem. On his return in 1521 he is again documented in Venice and later in Rome where Pope Adrian VI named him Keeper of his collections of classical art in the Vatican. During that period Van Scorel was able to study the work of Italian artists, in particular Raphael and Michelangelo, whose styles and compositions were reflected in his own output following his return to Utrecht in 1524. The Madonna of the Daffodils with the Christ Child and Donors has been dated to around 1535 when the artist was living in Utrecht following a brief period in Haarlem. The panel was included in the Collection’s catalogues from 1930. It was acquired in Amsterdam from Jacques Goudstikker in whose gallery it was to be found between 1924 and 1926, during which time it was included in an exhibition in Rotterdam of paintings from the gallery. In 1935 Friedländer was the first art historian to study the painting. The panel has been related to two similar but simpler compositions by the artist in the Centraal Museum, Utrecht, and the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin. These have the same central group but different flanking figures and settings. In the Utrecht version the central element of the Virgin and Child is set in a landscape with a donkey on the right and a figure that has been identified as Saint Joseph, in a composition that thus depicts a Rest on the Flight into Egypt. The forms of the central group are precisely outlined against a pale sky and Mary holds roses. In the Berlin panel the composition is similar but without any reference to the journey to Egypt and the tree on the left is slightly different with a more elaborate trunk than in the Utrecht painting. Finally, the Virgin’s roses are replaced by yellow flowers. The central group in the Berlin composition, which was widely disseminated and highly regarded to judge from the number of copies and versions known, reflects the style of Raphael in the tender relationship between the Mother and Child. It also looks to early Michelangelo in the Christ Child’s pose, which recalls the Doni Tondo in the Galleria degli Uffizi. In the present panel the landscape background is replaced by a simple interior with a heavy green curtain on the left. The Christ Child and the Virgin, here holding daffodils, are accompanied by two donors whose difference in age has led to the suggestion that they are a mother and son. Eisler, however, rejected this idea and considered that they were a married couple. Mar Borobia