Phytochemical and cosmeceutical assessment of Carissa carandas L. extracts for skin lipoprotein protection

Oxidative damage to skin lipoproteins is a critical factor in ageing and dermatological disorders, yet natural interventions targeting this pathway remain insufficiently studied so plant-based cosmeceuticals of Carissa carandas L. extracts to protect skin lipoproteins from oxidative stress and ageing-related damage. Fully ripened fruits and leaves, dried in powder form, were subjected to ultrasound-assisted extraction with 50 % ethanol. Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential were determined. The yield of fruits and leaves extracts was obtained up to 43.30 and 25.00 %, respectively. Bioactives profiling was done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), quantify the presence of phenolic and flavonoids. Moreover, fruits extract displayed significant potential for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content (TFC) and total carotenoid content (TCC) compared to the leaves extract. Fruits formulation exhibited the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition (84.9 %) compared to the leaves formulation (76.5 %). In the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay, fruit extract (76.90 %) and formulation (86.28 %) showed higher scavenging activity than leaves extract (60.38 %) and formulation (68.60 %). Fruits extract exhibited a larger antibacterial and antifungal zone of inhibition using Staphylococcus aureus & Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus than the formulation. Antiaging activities were optimized by inhibition of antiaging enzymes, i.e. tyrosinase, collagenase and elastase. Fruits and leaves formulation inhibited all three enzymes, exhibiting the best anti-ageing effect. The findings suggested that C. carandas fruits and leaves extracts phenolic components may be used as an anti-ageing ingredient in cosmetics.