Satb2 Expression In Colorectal Carcinoma And Its Association With Grade And Stage Of Tumor

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) has emerged as a promising biomarker for colorectal epithelial differentiation and prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SATB2 and its correlation with tumor grade and stage of CRC.(1,2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 cases of histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections were stained with SATB2 antibody, and expression was scored based on nuclear staining extent and intensity. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: SATB2 expression was significantly associated with histological grade and tumor stage. Well-differentiated adenocarcinomas showed strong nuclear positivity, whereas poorly differentiated tumors demonstrated loss of SATB2 expression. Moderately differentiated and mucinous adenocarcinomas showed variable staining. SATB2 expression declined with increasing tumor stage, with higher positivity observed in early stages compared to advanced disease. Conclusion: SATB2 is a reliable immunohistochemical marker in CRC and shows significant correlation with tumor grade and stage. It may serve as a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, aiding in early detection and guiding therapeutic strategies.