Epidemiological, Clinical and Bacteriological Profile of Leprosy in Children at the Dermatology University Hospital of Bamako

Introduction: Leprosy remains a public health concern in developing countries such as Mali. In children, it indicates active transmission and may present with atypical clinical forms. This study describes the epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological profiles of pediatric leprosy at the Dermatology University Hospital Center (CHU) in Bamako. Methodology: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from January 2020 to December 2024 at the Dermatology CHU of Bamako. It included children aged 0 to 15 years diagnosed with leprosy, either as outpatients or inpatients. Sociodemographic, clinical and bacteriological data (bacilloscopy) were analyzed. Results: Out of a total of 525 leprosy cases managed at the Dermatology CHU of Bamako, 57 involved children, representing a frequency of 10.84%. The mean age was 11.3 years, with a slight male predominance. The multibacillary form accounted for 68.9% of cases. The most frequent bacteriological indices were 5+ (43.8%) and 4+ (25.1%). The predominant clinical signs were hypopigmented anesthetic lesions and peripheral nerve involvement. Neurological reactions were observed in 16.5% of cases and grade 2 disabilities in 7.5%. A family history of leprosy was found in 33.2% of cases. Conclusion: Pediatric leprosy remains present in Mali. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications and interrupt transmission. Community-based screening should be strengthened.