Estimating overall barrier to modular construction adoption in residential projects: a fuzzy-SEM approach

Abstract Technology for modular construction is needed urgently and rapidly in the demand for housing construction, particularly in post-war situations. Modular construction accelerates project delivery and enhances sustainability by minimizing material waste and optimizing resource utilization through controlled off-site production. This study introduces a novel hybrid Fuzzy-SEM framework that quantifies both the likelihood and impact of modular construction barriers while incorporating interdependencies among them. Unlike previous studies focusing on barrier identification, this research provides a more comprehensive evaluation framework. The study carried out a systematic literature review from 2014 to 2024 to identify barriers to the adoption of modular construction. The study looked at expert interviews to explore the root causes. An SEM was developed incorporating 15 barriers, grouped into five main groups. The valid responses from 371 participants were analyzed. The results provide a structured approach for policymakers and stakeholders to address critical adoption challenges. Major findings reveal that the high cost of construction, coupled with transportation restrictions, constitutes a considerable challenge to modular construction for residential buildings. Practical recommendations include policy incentives, supply chain enhancements, and stakeholder collaboration to mitigate identified challenges.