Studi Rendemen Finir dan Besarnya Limbah Pada Pengupasan Finir dengan Mesin Rotary Lathe Tipe Spindleless

In general, the log-block peeling yield on a rotary lathe machine ranges from 70 - 80% of the log volume in the form of veneer, and the remaining 20-30% is waste. This variation depends on the quality and type (species) of the log of the raw material. The veneer peeling usually consist of the face and back veneer (continuous veneer) ranging from 50% to 70% and core veneer as poly piece veneer ranging from 20 to 30%. Under certain conditions, the waste can reach up to 50% including losses due to rounding, shrinkage of the veneer, cracks, spurs, and pith (log-core). From the description above and several other observations, the research was carried out regarding this matter. There is a way to reduce the amount of waste in log peeling using rotary machines and at the same time increasing the recovery peeling. Thus, it will reduce production costs and increase profits for the company. One of the contributors to a large amount of veneer peeling waste is the use of rotary lathe veneer peeling machines with large spindles which are still widely used in veneer and plywood factories (plymill), especially in Indonesia. So far, on average half of raw logs turn into waste, and 25 percent is contributed by a rotary lathe machine. Meanwhile, on the other hand, the need for plywood products will continue to increase day by day. This is because plywood is one of the most environmentally friendly building materials and comes from renewable natural resources. Along with the development of the plywood industry, the increase of raw material needs is inevitable. So, waste products will also continue to increase too. In this regard, there must be fundamental changes in this industry, including the use of rotary lathe without spindles as the substitute from the conventional machine. In relevance to this situation, this research was directed with the aim of knowing the yield and amount of veneer peeled by a spindle-less rotary lathe machine and at the same time to find out the waste it produces. So, this information can later become a consideration for stakeholders to replace the old rotary lathe with a type spindle-less without a doubt. The results show that veneer peeling using a spindle-less rotary lathe machine increases the yield of the veneer and reduce the amount of waste. Most of the peeling results are in the form of a veneer consisting of 58.83% continuous/endless veneer for the face/back, and 22.83% of poly piece core (odd veneer) from the core veneer. The total veneer yield is 81.67%. The remaining were 1.32%, 0.93%, and 16.08% for log-core waste, cut edge finish, and round-up veneer, respectively.  The spindle-less rotary lathe machine has provided increased yields and significantly reduced the amount of waste.   Keywords : Waste, rotary lathe, spindle-less, veneer.