Tissue-Engineered Constructions for the Needs of Cardiovascular Surgery: Possibilities of Personalization and Prospects for Use (Problem Article)

In the market for products for the needs of cardiovascular surgery, there is still no effective vascular prosthesis with a diameter of less than 4 mm, despite the continuous increase in the incidence of atherosclerosis and the increase in the number of surgical operations to restore blood flow in the affected arteries. At the same time, vascular tissue engineering has diverse methodological approaches for the development of effective functionally active small-diameter vascular prostheses suitable for adaptive growth and regeneration in situ. An important aspect is the possibility of personalizing the created prostheses not only by taking into account the individual anatomy of the patients vascular bed, but also by using autologous components to create such a prosthesis, which can be obtained directly from the recipient. The presented problematic article reflects the main results on the creation of biodegradable vascular prostheses of small diameter, obtained at the Research Institute of the Research institute for complex issues of cardiovascular diseases (Kemerovo). The functionality of the prostheses was provided both through the incorporation of biologically active components with proangiogenic potential for the purpose of complete remodeling in situ, and the formation of cell-populated vascular prostheses using autologous cells and proteins from patients with coronary heart disease. In the future, these vascular prostheses can cover the clinical need for elective and emergency cardiovascular surgery, neuro- and microsurgery, and military field vascular surgery.