Megaprojects of Moscow in the world cultural heritage system: on the restoration of the Romanov house and the Ostafyevo museum-estate

The relevance of the article is due to the problems of preserving the cultural heritage of regions, which is extremely important, since the loss of identity entails not only the disappearance of the historical appearance of cities, but also the loss of their economic and tourist potential. The uniqueness of the cultural heritage of Moscow as the capital of the Russian Federation has its own characteristics that distinguish it from other cities in the world. The author aims to trace the historical restoration of two architectural objects: the Romanov house and the Ostafyevo Museum-Estate, and to evaluate their historical and cultural potential. It is supposed to assess the historical significance of the objects in terms of restoring their original appearance, taking into account its authenticity (authenticity of the idea, material, architectural skill and environmental environment). The conducted retrospective comparative analysis has shown the difference in the creative methods of restoration practice used in recreating the appearance of the estate house, depending on the preservation, restoration technique, accuracy of stylistic reconstruction and other parameters. If the restoration work of the Chambers of the Romanov boyars located in the Zaryadye district of Moscow, which began in the XVII century. had a step-by-step sequential principle of reconstruction over an extended time period, then one fundamental comprehensive modern restoration was undertaken at the Ostafyevo Museum -Estate, which lasted 16 years until 2017, including external and internal interior the space and its historical and documentary content. It is pointed out that the choice of methods is difficult, since due to numerous fires and alterations, the appearance of the Romanov house has repeatedly changed, and in the only preserved park estate of the XVIII century in Moscow in Ostafyevo, a public museum, a children's camp and a rest house were located in different years. Here it was possible to clarify a number of fundamental patterns of the visual interaction of the estate with the surrounding environmental context, which underwent a radical transformation at the final stage of its existence. Based on archival documents, old photographs, drawings and extant graphic images dating back to that time, a conclusion is made about the relationship of restoration, conservation and reconstructive actions on such objects, showing their life in the context of changes and additions that preserve traces of time.