Eco-Friendly Quantitative Assessment of Amlodipine Besylate in its Microspheres and Commercial Tablets using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy

Aim: Amlodipine Besylate (AMD) is an ACE inhibitor widely used as an antihypertensive drug. The present study was aimed at developing a green, solvent-free, and nondestructive quantification of AMD with the aid of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectrometry in bulk, tablet, and its polymer-based microsphere formulations. Background: To develop a nondestructive, eco-friendly analytical technique for the rapid analysis using an ATR FTIR spectrophotometer. Materials and method: This approach entails gauging the absorbance of the carbonyl group (C=O) peak of AMD at 1676 cm⁻¹ as the optimized wavenumber by measuring the absorbance at various concentration levels. Results and discussion: The Beer’s law linearity range was between 0.1% w/w and 10.0% w/w with the R² value of 0.9986. The concentrations of lab-made amlodipine microspheres and marketed formulations were found to be 99.96%, 100.69%, and 99.49%, respectively. The method's limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.0468 mg and 0.1419 mg, respectively. Validation of the proposed method for tablets revealed an RSD of less than 2%, and recovery levels were between 99.18 and 99.50%. Conclusion: The presented research work was novel, since there was no ATR-FTIR spectroscopy method reported earlier for its quantification. Further, the solvent-free and non-destructive analysis makes it unique in comparison to the conventional spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Moreover, it is rapid, accurate, and precise for the routine analysis of amlodipine in its bulk, polymer-based, and tablet dosage forms.