The Role of Obesity in Producing Type 2 Diabetes by Insulin Resistance

Obesity is a common condition due wrong eating habits and less physical activity. But it can produce serious illness like type 2 diabetes. In Malaysia 18 years and above 33.3% (5.4 million) are pre-obese and 27.2% (4.4 million) are obese. 7.2% are known to have diabetes and 8.0% are previously undiagnosed with diabetes. There is a strong relationship between obesity and diabetes mellitus. We must understand the mechanism by which obesity causes diabetes through and insulin resistance. When the fat distribution is more peripheral have more insulin sensitivity than whose fat distribution is more in the waist. The insulin resistance is caused by variety of substances like non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, cytokines, proinflammatory markers which leads to the development of insulin resistance. The development of diabetes is a combination of the failure of β-islet cells of the pancreas and insulin resistance. There is a rising incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes due to obesity and weight gain. The obesity is more common in females. Obesity increases with age. Similarly, the incidence of diabetes also increases with and in male sex. Out of 219 persons 77 had normal BMI (less than 25), 83 were overweight (BMI 25 to 30) and 59 were obese (more than 30). The incidence of overweight (37.8%) and obese (26%). People who are overweight (BMI 25- 30) below 40 years are 8, between 40-60 years are 36 and above 60 years are 39. The people who are obese in the 40 years age group 6, 40-60 years 23 and above 60 years 30. Incidence of overweight and obese is more in the females 72.7% and males 58.4%. Incidence of overweight among female is 42% and obese are 30%. Comparatively among male 34.4% are overweight and 24% are obese.