Immunopathogenetic features of lyme disease

The aim: to study the immunological features of Lyme disease and the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to multiple organ damage. Materials and methods: articles and studies published in the PubMed database, the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Karger, Onlinelibrary, CDC, and Ecdc. Particular attention is paid to studies on the immunological characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of Lyme disease. Articles published between 2013 and 2024 were analyzed using systematic literature review methods and comparative analysis of clinical results to ensure the relevance and accuracy of the conclusions. Conclusions: In the process of diagnosing Lyme disease, clinicians may currently encounter a wide range of manifestations, leading to both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of this disease. The incidence of this disease in Ukraine and worldwide fluctuates, showing periods of increase and decrease, while the overall trend is upward. The development of chronic forms of Lyme disease is a complex process involving many links in cellular and humoral immunity. The balance of cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17, and IFN-γ, is crucial in the development of Lyme arthritis, chronic atrophic acrodermatitis, and neuroborreliosis, and IL-17 levels can be used as a diagnostic marker for some chronic forms of this disease.