Pediatric Urological Anomalies Trends In Diagnosis And Surgical Interventions

Background: pediatric urological anomalies show problems in their urinary and genital systems that can either be present from birth or develop afterward. Birth anomalies particularly vesicoureteral reflux and hypospadias can reduce kidney function and harm a child's health status. Medical progress now allows doctors to spot urological disorders sooner through new detection methods along with minor surgery techniques that yield enhanced treatment results. Objectives:  to evaluate advancements in the detection and surgical management of pediatric urological anomalies in 150 patients, emphasizing the impact of emerging diagnostic tools and modern surgical techniques. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study. this study conducted in Department of General Surgery Ziauddin Hospital Karachi From jan 2015 to jan 2023 Methods: 150 children with urological abnormalities from 2015 to 2023. When diagnosing patients we relied on ultrasound technology and three specific diagnostic procedures: ultrasound sonography plus two specialized tests known as VCUG and MRU. Our practice included both simple and complex surgical treatments to help these patients. Our statistical evaluation measured standard deviations of significant parameters and identified meaningful results through p-values below 0.05. Results: 60% of 150 patients were male patients while 40% were female patients. Our findings showed hypospadias was present in 25% of patients with VUR affecting 30% and UPJO occurring in 20% of cases. The use of minimally invasive techniques reached 70% of cases and patients recovered quicker according to statistical significance levels (p < 0.01). After surgery the patient experienced minimal additional health problems with the overall rate of complications varying by 2.3% between procedures. The effect of prompt treatment resulted in enhanced kidney performance measures (p = 0.03). Conclusion: New medical devices and surgical procedures have made treating childhood urological conditions better than ever before. Better healthcare results happen when doctors from several areas treat patients right away through team collaboration. We need to develop better ways to reach more patients while making our surgical equipment more effective. Keywords: Pediatric urology, anomalies, diagnosis, surgery