Mechanical Behaviors of 2D and 3D Basalt Fiber Woven Composites Under Various Strain Rates

Compressive behaviors of 2D basalt fiber laminated plain woven composite and 3D basalt fiber orthogonal woven composite were tested under various strain rates with a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus and universal material test system (MTS 810.23). Compressive stress—strain curves were obtained at strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 3500 s-1. The compressive curves exhibited strong strain-rate sensitivity. Compression modulus and failure stress of the 2D woven composite are both greater than those of the 3D woven composite under the same strain rate. The main failure mode of the 2D woven composite is delamination both along in-plane direction and through thickness direction. As the impact velocity increases, the 2D woven composite will be in debris owing to the resin cracks, whereas for that of the 3D orthogonal woven, there is no delamination between each layer because of the binds of Z-yarns. The 3D woven composite will also be in debris under high strain rate compression when the Z-yarns break.