ANALYSIS ON AN AUTOMOBILE BASED HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYSTEM BASED ON VARIOUS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Increased environmental impact from the fast consumption of fossil fuel has provided a significant drive for the creation of more fuel-efficient automobiles. Having matured from their embryonic stage, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are showing signs of being a viable solution to the critical existential threat to Earth. Higher efficiency vehicles (HEVs) not only help drivers save money on gas by getting greater mileage and producing fewer harmful emissions, but they also cushion drivers and passengers from the financial blow of steadily increasing gas costs. The electrification of powertrains is a tried-and-true response to environmentalists' worries about dependence on nonrenewable fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid electric vehicles, which bridge the gap between conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and pure electric vehicles, are gaining market share and garnering a lot of attention from researchers in both the private and public sectors. An integral part of hybrid powertrains, the internal combustion engine affects vehicle performance significantly. There has been a lot of work done in recent years on engine technologies tailored to hybrid electric vehicles. It is crucial to study the engine's dynamic features through testing that mimic the vehicle's road running mode. The electric eddy current machine of an automotive engine test stand mimics the loading conditions of being driven on the road. Recommendations from a technological perspective all the way up to a powertrain perspective are presented in response to challenges and issues related to system complexity, restricted operating conditions, controls, cost, safety, etc. To inspire further study in this area, several potential avenues for future research are given.