Tensile Behavior of Titanium-Clad Bimetallic Steel Butt-Welded Joints

Because of the promising corrosion resistance and load-bearing capacity, titanium-clad (TC) bimetallic steel has gained increasing attention in ocean/coastal civil and structural engineering. Due to the double-layer nature of TC bimetallic steel, the characteristics of the structural member’s geometry and weld details are considerably different from that of conventional steel members. Even though previous studies have conducted systematical clarifications on parent material of TC bimetallic steels, the mechanical behaviors of weld joints are still vague. This paper firstly describes the manufacture features of TC bimetallic steel welded joints and welded members. Subsequently, the type II and type III butt-welded joints provided by GB/T 13149-2009 are selected to study the corresponding tensile mechanical behavior. Two butt-welded TC bimetallic steel plates were fabricated from hot-rolled bonding TA2 + Q355B TC bimetallic steel and welding wire of ER55-Ni1 and ERTA2ELI. Eight tensile coupons were then extracted from the two welded plates and loaded to failure monotonically. The failure mechanism, stress–strain curves and key mechanical properties are studied and compared with that of parent material. It is found that both types of welded joints possess two fracture points. The first one refers to the fracture of weld joint between the clad layer and titanium cover plate, whilst the second one is the eventual fracture of substrate metal. When the first fracture point is reached, the stress–strain relation exhibits a sharp drop in stress value. Thereafter, a strain-hardening behavior can still be observed prior to the ultimate strength point. The first fracture-induced stress drop of type II joint is less than that of type III joint, whilst the strain-hardening amount of type II joint is more outstanding than that of type III joint. The fracture elongations of type II joint and type III joint are respectively 37% and 57% that of the parent material, whilst the proportions between the ultimate strengths of welded joints and parent material are, respectively, 90% and 93%. In general, the two types of TC bimetallic steel weld joints investigated herein exhibit favorable load-bearing capacity but unfavorable ductility and deformability. Based upon the experimental results, the structural design methodology of welded TC bimetallic steel structure is discussed. The investigations conducted in this paper can provide reference for development of structural design theory of welded TC bimetallic steel structure.