Dynamic Parallel Traction's Impact on Femoral Neck Fracture Biomechanics: A 3D Finite Element Study

Abstract Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of dynamic parallel traction on the biomechanical characteristics of femoral neck fractures, with the goal of identifying a more effective traction method for the repair of such fractures. Methods: We constructed a three-dimensional finite element model of the femoral neck based on CT images. Using linear regression analysis, we explored the optimal adjustment strategy for traction weight over time by analyzing the relationship between different traction weights and the maximum tolerable traction time. Additionally, we validated the stress characteristics under various traction angles and analyzed the interplay among traction weight, time, and angle. Results: Among the relationships between traction weight, maximum tolerable traction time, and femoral neck stress values, the regression equation was F=175.9, R2=0.9513 (linear regression analysis), indicating that as traction time increased from 0s to 10s, the traction force decreased from 500N to 360N, while the stress value remained relatively stable. In terms of the relationship between traction angle and femoral neck stress values, the regression equation was F=123.2, R2=0.8864 (linear regression analysis), showing that the stress value rose from 5.592MPa under parallel traction to 18.944MPa at a 60-degree angle. When considering the combined effects of these factors on stress values, the regression equation was F=139.5, R2=0.9610 (linear regression analysis), demonstrating that dynamic parallel traction resulted in significantly lower stress values compared to other traction methods. Conclusion: Dynamic parallel traction can effectively reduce the force experienced by patients, promoting healing and reducing complications. This finding holds significant implications for the development of related medical devices, offering valuable insights and benchmarks for future research and design.