Geriatrics

The assessment of elderly patients should differ from that of younger adults. The overall function of elderly patients is influenced by factors other than their medical diagnoses. When the medical problems of elderly patients are assessed, it is important to assess additional factors: functional status, cognitive capacity, financial resources, and the safety and appropriateness of their domicile. It also is wise to address advance directives with all geriatric patients. Appropriate preventive screening should be a part of the assessment of the elderly who are in good health. In addition to an evaluation for conditions common to the geriatric population, such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and renal insufficiency, it is important to assess for conditions that can have a negative effect on function, such as impairment of vision or hearing (or both), mobility status, and urinary incontinence, risk of falling, nutrition, and cognitive status. A thorough review of medications taken (prescription, herbal, and over-the-counter) is important.