Listvenite as gemstone: the Antina Čuka occurrence (Eastern Serbia)

Antina Čuka listvenite originated by hydrothermal alteration of small ophiolite mass caused by Paleogene magmatic activity. Mineralogical and petrological examination of the listvenite revealed serpentine-rich, silica-rich, and carbonate-rich varieties of the listvenite. Typical minerals are serpentine (group), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and magnesite), pyrite, gersdorffite, Cr-spinel, barite, limonite, and native Ag. Gemological analysis revealed all serpentine varieties from Antina Čuka (serpentine-rich listvenite, serpentine-rich listvenite with magnetite and fresh serpentinite) have values of both refractive index and specific gravity in the range for serpentine group minerals. A Refractive index value of 1.54 for silica-rich variety confirms the presence of quartz. The results of lapidary processing have proven that both listvenite from Antina Čuka and serpentinite host rock are attractive gemstones. The adequate types of processing of Antina Čuka listvenite are plain cut (different-shaped cabochons) and glyptography/carving.