Advancing biocontrol: An Indian perspective on the production and status of biocontrol agents

Biological control plays an important role in ecosystem services. Globally, 350 species of invertebrate natural enemies (macrobials) are produced to tackle 100 insect pests. Besides invertebrate natural enemies, 209 microbial strains from 94 different species are commercially available in many countries for control of pests. In India, more than 13 insect predators and parasitoids are being multiplied in many states on a small scale. Among them, trichogrammatids are produced by more than 25 states and supplied to the farmers. A total of 104 biopesticide formulations have been officially registered in India under the Insecticide Act of 1968, encompassing 19 distinct types of biopesticides. A database was prepared to comprise information on biocontrol production units in all the states/UTs with details which are engaged in the production of biocontrol agents including both microbials and invertebrate natural enemies. According to the database, 86 government-funded units are engaged in the production of macrobials and 141 units are producing microbial biopesticides. As demand for biocontrol agents is increasing, government-funded laboratories for the production of macrobials and microbials are not sufficient to cater to the needs of farmers. Therefore, it is important to create a suitable environment and funding for start-ups to produce macrobials. There are private firms that produce microbial biopesticides, but it could be further enhanced by providing good infrastructure, ease in biopesticides regulation policies etc.