Advanced Auditory Prostheses: Cochlear Implantation and Neural Hearing Restoration-An Updated Review

Background: Cochlear implants are advanced auditory prostheses designed to restore hearing in individuals with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss by bypassing damaged cochlear structures and directly stimulating the auditory nerve. Aim: This review aims to provide an updated overview of cochlear implantation, including indications, contraindications, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes. Method: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing current evidence on patient selection, surgical approaches, device components, and postoperative rehabilitation strategies. Results: Cochlear implants significantly improve speech perception, language development, and quality of life across age groups. Expanded indications now include single-sided deafness and auditory neuropathy. Surgical techniques such as round window insertion minimize trauma, while multidisciplinary care ensures optimal outcomes. Conclusion: Cochlear implantation represents a transformative intervention for auditory rehabilitation, offering substantial functional and psychosocial benefits when combined with structured follow-up and rehabilitation.