Resting cardiac vagal tone predicts working memory performance: Evidence to Neurovisceral Integration Model

Abstract This study investigates the intricate relationship between vagal tone, physical activity, and working memory in a carefully structured cohort. The participants were categorized into three cohorts: exercisers (Group A), yoga practitioners (Group B), and non-exercisers (Group C). Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, namely RMSSD and HF Power, were utilized as indicators of vagal tone. Our study confirmed significant increase (p < 0.001) in both RMSSD and HF Power in people who exercise and meditate than those who do not exercise. Results highlighted a significant main effect of cohort on n-back error rates (p < 0.001). Correlation analyses unveiled significant associations between higher RMSSD and HF Power values and enhanced working memory performance, suggesting that individuals with elevated vagal tone demonstrated superior working memory capabilities. However, acute physical exercise/ yoga did not yield a significant effect, emphasizing the potential influence of long-term physical activity habits on working memory. These findings shed light on the crucial role of vagal tone in cognitive processes and the potential benefits of physical activities in enhancing working memory performance. Further research should address the limitations and extend this exploration to yield a more comprehensive understanding of these relationships.