Formula Feeding and Associated Factors among Mothers with Infants 0-6 Months Old in Mettu Town, South West Ethiopia

Abstract Background Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential for the normal development and future wellbeing of the child. Despite the fact that breast milk is optimal nutrition for infants during the first six months of life, the duration of breastfeeding has been declining and being replaced by formula feeding particularly in urban communities of developing countries including Ethiopia. However, relatively little information is available regarding formula feeding in Ethiopia; particularly in Mettu town. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mettu town from May, 17 to July 1, 2021, among 366 mothers with infants 0-6 months old. A simple random sampling technique was employed. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive statics and multivariable logistic regression were performed, and variables with a p-value <0.05 in the final model were declared statistically significant with formula feeding. Result The prevalence of formula feeding among the study participants was 28.4%, 95% [CI: 24.0-33.0]. In multivariable logistic regression analysis primparity [AOR=3.3, 95% CI:(1.71-6.26)], cesarean delivery [AOR=2.6, 95% CI:(1.28-5.35)], initiation of breastfeeding after 24hrs [AOR=3.7,95% CI:(1.24-10.05)] employed mothers [AOR=2.4, 95% CI:(1.29-4.49] poor knowledge [AOR=2.6, 95%CI:(1.49-4.73)] and positive attitude toward formula feeding [AOR= 2.4, 95% CI: (1.27-4.84)] were significantly associated with formula feeding. Conclusion About one-third of mothers were formula feeding their infant. Primi parity, initiation of breast milk after 24hrs, cesarean delivery, and poor maternal knowledge and positive attitude were significantly associated with formula feeding. Hence, education on infant feeding for pregnant and lactating mothers, and supporting primipara mothers and as well as mothers who deliver by cesarean section should be implemented at health facility and community level.